| Guide to Use of Saline Waters for Livestock | ||
|---|---|---|
| Total soluble salts content of waters (mg/liter) |
Comments | |
| Less than 1,000 | Low level of salinity; should present no serious problems. | |
| 1,000 to 2,999 | Satisfactory quality. May cause temporary and mild diarrhea to livestock not accustomed to water. | |
| 3,000 to 4,999 | Satisfactory quality. May cause temporary diarrhea or be refused at first by animals not accustomed to water. | |
| 5,000 to 6,999 | Can be used with reasonable safety. Caution should be used if water at higher levels is used for pregnant or lactating animals. | |
| 7,000 to 10,000 | Considerable risk when using this water for pregnant or lactating animals, young or animals subjected to heavy heat stress or water loss. Older animals may subsist on this water under conditions of low stress. | |
| More than 10,000 | Not recommended for use by livestock under any conditions | |
| Minimum Weight and Age of Replacement Heifers for Puberty (Target is 65 percent of Mature Weight) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Breed type | Age | Weight 90% in heat | Weight 70% in heat |
| English | 13 – 16 Months | 675 | 625 |
| Exotic (European) | 13 – 16 Months | 776 | 750 |
| English/exotic cross | 13 – 16 Months | 750 | 700 |
| Brahman/English cross | 16 – 17 Months | 750 | 725 |
| Brahman | 17 – 20 Months | 750 | 725 |
| Livestock Nutrient Requirements Expressed as Percent Composition of Diet on a Dry Matter Basis and as Daily Nutrients per Animal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species and class | Crude protein | TDN | Calcium | Phosphorous | ||||
| ozs./day | % | lbs./day | % | ozs./day | % | ozs./day | % | |
| Cow * Dry Lactating |
13.6 30.4 |
5.9 9.2 |
7.9 11.0 |
52 52 |
0.4 0.9 |
0.18 0.28 |
0.40 0.90 |
0.18 0.28 |
| Ewe ** Dry Lactating |
3.4 8.4 |
8.9 10.4 |
1.3 3.3 |
55 65 |
0.11 0.40 |
0.28 0.50 |
0.18 0.29 |
0.26 0.36 |
| Doe*** Dry Lactating |
5.0 7.5 |
9.5 11.7 |
1.7 2.5 |
54 62 |
0.13 0.19 |
0.26 0.30 |
0.08 0.12 |
0.17 0.20 |
| * 992-pound cow ** 132-pound ewe *** 80-pound Spanish doe |
||||||||
| Body Condition and Expected Pregnancy Rate of Mature Cows in 120-Day Breeding Season | ||
|---|---|---|
| Body condition score |
Appearance | % Pregnancy |
| 1 | Starving; near death; no fat on backbone or ribs; wasting of muscle. | 0 |
| 2 | Very thin; backbone visible; no fat on ribs; wasting of muscle. | 0 – 10 |
| 3 | Thin; backbone visible with some fat; most ribs visible. | 10 – 40 |
| 4 | Backbone slightly visible; foreribs not visible; 12th and 13th ribs visible. | 60 – 70 |
| 5-Minimum Target | Smooth over top, along ribs and around hooks and pins. | 80 – 85 |
| 6-Desired Target | Smooth over back and ribs; full hindquarters with slight fat around tailhead. | 85-90+ |
| 7 | Very smooth and fat over ribs and tailhead; some fat in dewlap. | 90+ |
| 8 | Large amound of fat in tailhead and dewlap. | 90+ |
| 9 | Obese; over-conditioned | 80 – 90+ |
| Average Composition of Common Feeds | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feedstuff | % Dry matter | % Crude protein | % TDN | %Calcium | % Phosphorous |
| Alfalfa hay | 86 | 18.3 | 58 | 2.01 | 0.28 |
| Beet pulp, dried with molasses |
92 | 10.1 | 76 | 0.61 | 0.10 |
| Burmudagrass hay |
91 | 8.9 | 48 | 0.46 | 0.18 |
| Bone meal (steamed) |
– | – | – | 30.9 | 13.9 |
| Corn | 88 | 10.1 | 90 | 0.02 | 0.35 |
| Cottonseed hulls | 90 | 3.9 | 37 | 0.14 | 0.09 |
| Cottonseed (whole/ground) |
93 | 23.1 | 84 | 0.14 | 0.68 |
| Cottonseed meal (41%) |
93 | 44.3 | 78 | 0.21 | 1.16 |
| Dicalcium phosphate |
– | – | – | 26.0 | 18.0 |
| Johnsongrass hay |
91 | 7.0 | 51 | 0.73 | 0.28 |
| Limestone | – | – | – | 38 | – |
| Monosodium phosphate |
– | – | – | – | 22 |
| Oats grain | 89 | 13.3 | 77 | 0.07 | 0.38 |
| Oats hay | 88 | 8.1 | 54 | 0.23 | 0.21 |
| Sorghum grain | 89 | 11.1 | 74 | 0.04 | 0.31 |
| Soybean oil meal |
89 | 49.9 | 84 | 0.07 | 0.27 |
| Wheat hay | 86 | 6.4 | 57 | – | – |
| Wheat straw | 90 | 3.2 | 43 | 0.15 | 0.07 |
| 20% cube | 90 | 20 | 68 | 0.70 | 0.85 |
| 39% cube | 90 | 39 | 69 | 0.20 | 1.10 |
| 20% block | 90 | 20 | 57 | 1.3 | 0.85 |
| 36% block | 90 | 36 | 48 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
| Expected Shrink in Feeder Steers | ||
|---|---|---|
| Conditions | Time | % shrink |
| Drylot | 8 hrs. | 3.3 |
| 16 hrs. | 6.2 | |
| 24 hrs. | 6.6 | |
| Moving truck | 8 hrs. | 5.5 |
| 16 hrs. | 7.9 | |
| 24 hrs. | 8.9 | |
| Growth Implants | ||
|---|---|---|
| Trade name | Manufacturer | Class of Livestock |
| Ralgro | Pitman-Moore | For suckling calves not intended for replacements, stocker steers and heifers, and feedlot steers and heifers. |
| Synovex-C | Syntex | For suckling calves up to 400 lbs. Not for bull calves intended for reproduction, calves less than 45 days old, or veal calves. |
| Synovex-S | Syntex | For steers more than 400 lbs. |
| Synovex-H | Syntex | For stocker and feedlot heifers. |
| Calf-oid | Upjohn | For suckling calves older than 45 days. Not for use in calves intended for replacements. |
| Impuls-S | Upjohn | For steers more than 400 lbs. |
| Impuls-H | Upjohn | For stocker and feedlot heifers more than 400 lbs. |
| Finaplix-H | Hoechst-Roussel | For feedlot heifers. |
| Finaplix-S | Hoechst-Roussel | For feedlot steers. |
| Compudose | Elanco | For suckling steers, stocker steers and heifers, and feedlot steers and heifers. |